International Marketing Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International Marketing - Term Paper Example This report provides a macro analysis of China, one of the fastest growing markets in the world and which provides a suitable platform for a business to invest. One of the many admirable factors about China is its political stability. This gives businesses the confidence of establishing and expanding their businesses as they are assured of enhanced security. China is a single party state which is governed and controlled by the Communist Party. The single party aspect reduces the chances of political wrangles and further reduces the chances of politicians interfering with the business operations (Hale and Long, 80). Though the tariffs in China are high, they have been drastically reducing over the past few years. However, the government still has a lot to do when dealing with e-commerce businesses. The legal framework adopted for e-commerce insufficiently addresses intellectual property, and consumer rights are yet to be satisfactorily addressed (Hartman and Brown, 2013). Even with the few challenges, the political environment in China provides a healthy platform for businesses to operate. The economic environment is the second most important factor (after political) in determining whether a business shall succeed in a country. China’s economic environment has continued to be favourable to businesses, especially with the increasing demand. Based on nominal GDP and the purchasing power parity, China is ranked second, with the first position being America (InvestinChina, 2014). It has constantly experienced an increase and growth in GDP by about 7 %, and it’s GDP, by 2013 stood at 9.82% (Shao and Gui, 2014). This depicts the promising market in China, and businesses that invest here have high chances of succeeding. In addition, the inflation in China is lower as compared to many other developed countries, having a 2.5% inflation rate (InvestinChina, 2014) and an unemployment rate of 4.1%. The growth in GDP is as depicted in the diagram

Prelab for Calibration of Volumetric Glassware Essay Example for Free

Prelab for Calibration of Volumetric Glassware Essay 1). Weigh a 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask. Make sure the glassware is clean and free of any cracks or stars. Also, take note of the temperature of water, as volume varies with temperature 2). Transfer a portion of the water to flask with a pipette and record the mass of flask with the water. Use this data to calculate how much water was transferred from the pipette to the flask. 3). Repeat step two 4 times, ensuring the remaining results are similar to the first trial. Use this data to calculate the mean amount of water transferred and the standard deviation between the data points. Calibration of a 50 mL Buret: 1). Fill the buret with 50 mL of the temperature-equilibrated water. Be as precise as possible in order to obtain reliable data. If the volume changes over a period of a few minutes, obtain a new buret. Be sure to obtain the temperature of the water as well. 2). Weigh a 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask with its stopper. Again, make sure the flask is sanitary and has no cracks or stars. 3). At a rate of 20 mL/min, open the buret stopper and allow 10.00 mL of water to submerge into the flask. Remember to seal off the flask as soon as the water stops in order to minimize evaporation. 4). Using the technique of reading meniscus’s, record the volume reading for the buret to the hundreds place. The last significant digit may be an approximation. 5). Weigh of the stopped Erlenmeyer flask with the water on a scale. Determine the quantity of water transferred from the buret by finding the mass difference from the flask with no water vs. the new weight. 6). Repeat the steps from three to five four more times for the remaining volume of the buret and repeat the whole procedure again with a new 50 mL volume. Remember to record all data. Also, make sure to repeat data that is not duplicated correctly to ensure accurate and precise results. 7). Use the correction data from table one in order to find the true volume of water transferred based on the temperature. Create tables of the recorded data as well as a plot of the correction data with the apparent volume with labeled axis. Perform Calculations 8). Dispose of all glassware and materials accordingly and clean up the lab area. Hazards: No harmful chemicals will be dealt with in this lab. The only safety hazard is to be cautious of broken or chipped glassware that may cut one’s skin. Make sure to report any mutilated glassware to TA and accidents in the lab must be handled properly.

Vikings Essay examples -- essays research papers fc

VIKINGS EINHERJAR – THE CHOSEN ONES Kenneth Dunn History 115 Professor Gordon â€Å"Never before has such terror appeared in Britain as we have now suffered from a pagan race. †¦ Behold, the church of St. Cuthbert, spattered with the blood of the priests of God, despoiled of all its ornaments; a place more venerable than all in Britain is given as a prey to pagan peoples." - Alcuin of York, in a letter to Ethelred, King of Northumbria in England. Vikings were a truly diverse and fascinating people. As they rode the waves of the Atlantic Ocean to many different lands, the warriors struck terror into the hearts of people throughout the many countries they raided. Just the sight of the long, carved beasts at the bows of their ships slinking toward the shores through the mist was enough weaken even the strongest soul. However, while being vicious, inhumane barbarians, a different lifestyle prevailed in their homelands as they faced the same daily struggles as any other society. They were farmers, traders, explorers, and accomplished shipbuilders. There followed laws and customs for which there were punishments if those laws were not followed. They prayed to their Gods and loved their families. In the end, the Vikings traveled over most of the world and left a lasting impression that still excites our imaginations to this day. Social Structure and Aspects of Everyday Life of the Vikings By Wendy Latimore Vikings were a fierce and barbaric society†¦.or were they? Most Vikings were farmers and traders. They hunted and fished and grew the foods they needed to sustain their families. According to Ingmar Jansson, a professor of archaeology at Stockholm University in Sweden, "The Norsemen were not just warriors, they were farmers, artists, shipbuilders, and innovators. More than anything, they were excellent traders who connected peoples fr... ...Viking Heritage 2005, viking.hgo.se/Files/VikHeri/Viking_Age/end.html, retrieved June 15, 2005. The Oxford Illustrated History of the Vikings. Edited by Peter Sawyer. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. The Viking Network. The Vikings: Who Were the Vikings: Everyday Life: Viking Women. http://www.viking.no/e/life/ewomen.htm. 15 April 2000. (retrieved June 29, 2005) Travel Through the Ireland Story . . . The Vikings, www.wesleyjohnston.com/users/ireland/past/pre_norman/history/vikings.html, retrieved June 16, 2005. â€Å"Vikings,† Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2005, encarta.msn.com 1997-2005. Microsoft Corporation. â€Å"Viking Religion† BBCi History. bbc.co.uk/history/ 2001. British Broadcasting Corporation. Siddorn, K., Williamson R. Viking Ship Building, http://www.regia.org/ships/Ships1.htm. â€Å"Vikings.† Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia. 1997-2005. encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761561500_1____5/Vikings.html#s5 retrieved June 21, 2005. Viking Traveling Rout[e]s, www.arild-hauge.com/eraids.htm, retrieved June 16, 2005.

A compare and contrast essay on the presentation of words and silence in the novels Regeneration by Pat Barker and Strange Meeting By Susan Hill. :: essays research papers

Barker has written Regeneration laid in England in 1917, the novel is populated by a mixture of real and imaginary people. One of the real characters is the soldier and poet, Sigfried Sassoon. We meet him after he has been awarded a medal for heroism in WWI, and has publicly denounced the war as one of aggression and conquest in defiance of military orders. Instead of having a court martial, he is sent to Craiglockhart Hospital to be treated as a \\"shell shocked\\" casualty by Dr. William Rivers another real character. Craiglockhart was what we today would call a neuro-psychiatric hospital, and Rivers is a practitioner of psychoanalysis. His job is to get men well, by carrying out particular methods such as getting the men to recall their disturbing events and then to speak about them, so they can return to the front. Sassoon, Rivers, and other real and fictional characters are interwoven in this tale. The experiences and stories of Regeneration are greatly inspired by historical events and sociological influences. Bringing real life poets and their experiences together with a fictional plot surrounding the great war, Barker has been able to produce a novel from an intriguing blend of fact and fiction, one that conveys several aspects of history. Strange Meeting on the other hand is set against the horrors of the First World War, this novel portrays the friendship of two young officers. Hilliard is a veteran of combat, a reserved and isolated young man who prefers the stark reality of the front line â€Å"why had it been so easy to sleep up there, to sleep through the noise of guns?†, where he follows orders and makes only simple decisions based on life or death, to the political and social complications of his previous existence in England. Hill presents the characters as more positively, psychologically affected by war, from which a main character John Hilliard grows as a person and learns to love as a result of learning to communicate, speak and express himself freely , as at the beginning of the novel he is portrayed as detached and unable to feel or relate to those around him, (primarily his immediate family). Comradeship between Hilliard and Barton, (another central character) appears to be the most prominent com ponent in the novel; however the exploitation of the silenced youth is also explored throughout the novel. He had been unhappy at home, where he could not talk to no one, nobody knew.

Nigeria Labour Congress Demand for the Review of the National Minimum Wage and General Wage Review

Today, Nigerians who are lucky to have jobs are finding it increasingly difficult, if not impossible, to survive on their monthly pay. The major reason for this is that the pay of the Nigerian worker is not only one of the lowest in the world; it has also not improved as it should in the face of changes in market conditions. Workers in the public sector are particularly worse off.As huge revenues have continued to be acquired from the sweat of workers, the pay and conditions of workers have continued to deteriorate; workers have increasingly been excluded from the wealth created by their labour. In Nigeria, the difference in pay between managers and workers is not only one of the highest in the world: out of every N1 paid as wages, managers collect more than 80 kobo while workers receieve less than 20 kobo; the difference has been increasing over the years.At the same time, owners and managers of banks, top government officials and members of the political class have seen their pay a nd wealth swell ostronomically while workers have had to survive on starvation wages. Workers can no longer survive on what they earn; the situation is made worse by the fact that those who work also have to support family members who form part of the huge army of the unemployed. It has become crystal clear that there is an urgent need for an upward review of the national minimum wage and an upward general review of wages and salaries.History of wage reviews fought by workers This is not the first time that workers would be asking for a general upward review of wages and an increase in the National Minimum Wage. Between 1945 when workers staged the famous 45 days general strike for a Cost of Living Allowance (COLA) and 2007, when the demand won by workers for a 25% general wage through the Ernest Shonekan Wage Consolidation Committee was arbitrarily cut down to 15% by Obasanjo, workers have struggled at 15 times to have wages improved and a national minimum wage legislated upon.But the struggles produced notable victories for workers and the NLC, it was usually the case that: the National Minimum Wage was always set below the minimum wage needed by workers to survive. Because of the inadequacy of the wage, some state governments elected on their own to pay more. Even then, there were also some 1 state governments that pay less than the stipulated national minimum wage. The result was that workers always could not cope. The wage reviews were largely unstructured; sometimes negotiated wages were changed by government through circulars; at other times, government effected unilateral wage increases.Agreements reached with government were sometimes distorted at implementation or not implemented at all by government. For example, the 2000 Wage Review Agreement provided for a further 25per cent wage increase for workers with effect from May 1, 2001, and 15 per cent wage increase with effect from May 1, 2002. This was not implemented. Following industrial dispute over this a 121/2 percent increase rather than the 35 per cent agreement in 2000, was signed in 2003. But in the end, only an increase of between 4 and 12 1/2 per cent was implemented by the Federal Government.Although the Shonekan Committee was set up against this background and recommended a 25% increase in salaries, Obasanjo unilaterally implemented a 15% increase in 2007. Government also failed to abide by the timeframes set out for subsequent negotiations with workers. Workers always had to fight to get government to agree to collective bargaining even when the procedure was agreed in previous negotiations. Today, workers find that they have to fight yet again to get government to agree to negotiate a new National Minimum Wage and a general upward review of wages.Rationale for Upward Wage Review today There are several reasons why there must be an upward review of workers wages today. The consequence of the abdication of the agreed approach to the implementation of the phased-wage increases has been that wages and salaries are today sharply depressed and incapable of meeting the basic needs of most workers. In the last one year, inflation has intensified with the cost of living index in the urban sector increasing by over 14 per cent. The disproportionate increase (20. 9 percent) in the cost of food means that the erosion in the real wages and salaries of workers is alarmingly severe.The process of monetizing and consolidating in-kind benefits which were hitherto not taxed has resulted in an escalation of the tax paid by workers. This has further depressed the real take home pay of workers. 2 All over the world, salary increase in the public sector is underlined by the principle of equity and the need to bridge social inequality in the face of widening economic and social gaps amongst citizens of a country. In Nigeria, while workers’ salaries increased by 15 percent between 2006 and 2007, those of political office holders increased by over 800 percent. The 2008 increase in the compensation of political office holders has further aggravated the disparity (Table 1). On average, their compensation package has been doubled. We need to reduce this disparity for greater equity, productivity and morale. TABLE 1: Salaries of Political Office Holders (Pre and Post Consolidation) S/N Categories 1 Special Assistant to the President; Chief Speech Writer to the President; Chief Press Secretary to the President Members, House of Representatives; Deputy Chief of Staff TTP; Senior Special Assistant, TTP. Ministers of State; Senators; Principal Officers of the House of Representatives; Special advisers TTP.Deputy Speaker, House of Representatives; Minister; Secretary to the Government of the Federation, Head of Civil Service of the Federation, Chief of Staff TTP; National Security Adviser; Chief Economic Adviser; Inspector General of Police; Chairmen, Federal Civil Service Commission, Federal Character Commission, National Salaries, Incomes, & Wag es Commission, Revenue Mobilization Allocation & Fiscal Commission. Deputy President of the Senate; Justices of the Supreme Court; President, Court of Appeal. Speaker of the House of Representatives. HASS (Basic) 626,700 865,200 CONSS* 4,392,012 13,102,402 3 4 1,015,700 13,374,240 1,194,600 15,094,426 5 6 7 1,403,700 15,240,500 1,649,400 16,348,926 Vice-President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria ; 1,938,000 21,524,164 President of the Senate; Chief Justice of Nigeria . 8 President, Commander-in-Chief of the Armed 2,506,000 24,954,405 Forces of Nigeria . *Source: National Salaries, Incomes and Wages Commission and Revenue Mobilization Allocation and Fiscal Commission, Abuja 3 In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), Nigeria ought to be paying one of the highest minimum wages, given its resources and level of development.The reality, however, is that the existing minimum wage in Nigeria is one of the lowest in Africa. Table 2 presents the data for Sub-Saharan Africa. The data in the table takes adequate account of the need to adjust the wages to differences in the cost of living or what is called the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP). Table 2: Minimum Annual Wage Levels in African Countries ($USD) Country Minimum Special Notes PPP PPP-Based Wage Factor Minimum Wage Angola 1511 1. 975 2984. 23 Botswana 3011 2. 106 6341. 17 DRC 468 2. 077 972. 04 Kenya 948 2. 534 2402. 3 Lesotho 1080 For Manufacturing 1. 847 1994. 76 Madagascar 336 3. 107 1043. 95 Malawi 407 3 1221. 00 Mozambique 1177 2. 129 2505. 83 Nigeria 550 2. 274 1250. 70 South Africa 2780 Farm Minimum 1. 651 4589. 78 Wage: $975 Swaziland 1369 1. 958 2680. 50 Tanzania 1680 2. 8 4704. 00 Zambia 1147 1. 81 2076. 07 Average 1266 2674. 33 The current national minimum wage of N7,500 is far below the minimum cost of providing basic needs for the worker and his / her immediate family. Our survey shows that today the minimum cost of providing for basic needs is N58,200 (Table 2).This estimate is based on threshold hardship levels in which 6 or 8 people may be forced to live in one or two rooms and endure a dietary and living style that is most rudimentary. Additionally, it should be noted that N18,000 is allegedly spent on the feeding of one prison inmate monthly, while the estimate here is merely N20,000 for the feeding of a family of 6 per month. 4 An examination of the cost of living since the enactment of the National Minimum Wage Act 2000 shows clearly that the cost of living index has risen so much that the real value of the minimum wage set by the law has virtually been wiped out.Employing published data on the Consumer Price Index (CPI) from 2000 till July 2008, and taking into account developments in the overall economy and compensation adjustments since 2000, the minimum wage of workers in 2008 can be computed. This computation shows that in real terms, the minimum wage of workers would have to be adjusted upwards by a minimum factor of 4 in order to maintain the relative position of the least pai d worker in the national compensation structure established in 2000.Thus, the appropriate amount required in 2008 to maintain the real value of the National Minimum Wage set in 2000 would be (N11,213. 52 x 4=N44,856). Table 2: Estimated Monthly Cost of Meeting Basic Needs for a Representative Family * Item Accommodation Utilities a. Electricity b. Water c. Kerosene d. Communication Food Clothing Medical Education Cleaners, Soap and Detergents Entertainment, Recreation Communication Miscellaneous Total Cost (N) 6,000 1,000 500 4,000 2,000 20,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 1,300 and 1,000 1,500 N58,500Our Demands Based on the foregoing Congress demands: (i) A new National Minimum Wage of N52,200. This is the approximate average of the minimum wages when we take into consideration Minimum Annual Wage Levels in African Countries, the minimum cost of providing basic needs for the worker and his / her immediate family and the cost of living data. 5 (ii) that the Federal Government sets up a tripar tite committee as a matter of urgency to negotiate and agree on this, so that the National Minimum Wage Act 2000 can be amended to reflect the new amount.It is instructive to note that current negotiations on fixing a minimum wage for Ghana has recently reached preliminary agreement within the tripartite framework to adopt the basic needs approach in computing the minimum wage. (iii) an amendment to the Act to the effect that the National Minimum Wage law should apply to any establishment employing 20 or more workers, instead of the 50 workers currently stipulated by law. (iv) a general wage review; there is an urgent need to commence negotiations in both the public and private sectors so as to agree on new compensation packages. v) a wage review in the public sector based on the minimum wage computed above. Currently, the least salary in the Civil Service under the Consolidated Civil Service Salary Structure is N133,564 per annum or N11,130 per month. The new salary structure recom mended by the Congress is based on the least salary of N52,200 per month or N626,400 per annum, which is the proposed new national minimum wage. The new Consolidated Salary Structure would then be constructed so as to maintain the existing relativities in the salary structure.Sustainability and Affordability of NLC’s Demands Is the minimum wage proposed by the NLC reasonable, sustainable and affordable? Can the nation pay the new national minimum wage? The answer to both and related questions is an overwhelming YES! It is a resounding YES for the following reasons: (i) An increase in the purchasing power and effective demand of workers will increase the demand for goods and services and translate into growth for the economy. The morale, and therefore, productivity of workers will be greatly enhanced by the wage review. ii) Nigeria earns enough revenues, even with the downward slide in oil prices, to be able to pay. The problem in Nigeria is massive corruption by members of th e political and administrative elite and not lack of resources. To be sure, paying the new minimum wage will require that members of the political class cut their level of stealing of public funds. This will not be a bad thing; in fact, it will be good for the economy. (iii) If the economy can accommodate the huge sums spent on political office holders, it can accommodate a general upward review of wages and a national minimum wage as proposed.In any case, more resources should be devoted to the productive workers in any economy. Apart from political office holders, the profits declared in most areas of the private sector, continue to be massive. Even sectors which are contracting their operations continue to declare huge profits. Therefore, the public and private sectors of the economy are capable of paying higher wages. 6 Framework Proposed for the Negotiations The national minimum wage negotiations should be carried out within the tripartite framework, with workers, NECA and gove rnment represented.The emerging agreement from this negotiation should then be forwarded to the National Assembly as a Draft Amendment to the National Minimum Wage Act, 2000. At the conclusion of the minimum wage negotiation, the public service wage review negotiation should commence between labour and representatives of government, both Federal and States. Private sector negotiations should susequently take place within the existing sectoral framework of collective bargaining. On the general wages review, we wish to call on government to adopt the framework of collective bargaining, with representatives of all public sector employers, whetherFederal or State Governments, as employers, not as governments. Conclusion Congress makes these demands with great patriotism, sensitivity and responsibility. Congress holds that collective bargaining and negotiations with trade unions are sacrosanct and in consonance with the spirit of democracy. Congress calls on government to set up the nece ssary structures for the negotiations without further delay. To delay negotiations will further compound the living conditions of workers of Nigeria in the face of the alarming mass poverty already destroying their lives. February 2009 7

Geology of the Appalachian Mountains

Geology of the Appalachian Mountains The Appalachian Mountain range is one of the oldest continental mountain systems in the world. The tallest mountain in the range is the 6,684-foot Mount Mitchell, located in North Carolina. Compared with the Rocky Mountains of western North America, which have 50 plus peaks over 14,000 feet in elevation, the Appalachians are rather modest in height. At their tallest, however, they rose to Himalayan-scale heights before being weathered and eroded down over the past ~200 million years. A Physiographic Overview The Appalachian Mountains trend southwest to northeast from central Alabama all the way to Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Along this 1,500-mile path, the system is split up into 7 different physiographic provinces  that  contain distinct geologic backgrounds. In the southern section, the Appalachian Plateau and Valley and Ridge provinces make up the western border of the system and are composed of sedimentary rocks like sandstone, limestone, and shale. To the east lie the Blue Ridge Mountains and Piedmont, composed primarily of metamorphic and igneous rocks.  In some areas, like Red Top Mountain in northern Georgia or Blowing Rock in northern North Carolina, the rock has eroded down to where one can see basement rocks that formed over a billion years ago during the Grenville Orogeny.   The northern Appalachians are made up of two parts: the St. Lawrence Valley, a small region defined by the St. Lawrence River and St. Lawrence rift system, and the New England province, which formed hundreds of millions of years ago and owes much of its present topography to recent glacial episodes. Geologically speaking, the Adirondack Mountains are quite different than the Appalachian Mountains; however, they are included by the USGS in the Appalachian Highland region.   Geologic History To a geologist, the rocks of the Appalachian Mountains reveal a billion-year story of violent continental collisions and the subsequent mountain building, erosion, deposition and/or volcanism that came with. The geologic history of the area is complex but can be broken down into four major orogenies, or mountain building events. It is important to remember that between each of these orogenies, millions of years of weathering and erosion wore the mountains down and deposited sediment in the surrounding areas. This sediment was often subjected to intense heat and pressure as the mountains were uplifted again during the next orogeny.   Grenville Orogeny: This mountain-building event occurred around 1 billion years ago, creating the supercontinent Rodinia. The collision formed tall mountains along with the igneous and metamorphic rocks that make up the very core of the Appalachians. The supercontinent began to break apart around 750 million years ago and by 540 million years ago, an ocean (the Iapetus Ocean) existed between the paleocontinents.  Taconic Orogeny: Approximately 460 million years ago, as the Iapetus Ocean was closing, a volcanic island arc chain collided with the North American Craton.  The remnants of these mountains can still be seen in the Taconic Range of New York.Acadian Orogeny: Starting 375 million years ago, this mountain-building episode occurred as the Avalonian terrane collided with the North American Craton. The collision did not happen head on, as it struck the northern section of the protocontinent and then slowly moved southward. Index minerals show us that the Avalonian terrane stru ck the North American craton at different times and with different collisional forces. Alleghanian Orogeny: This event (sometimes referred to as the Appalachian orogeny) formed the supercontinent Pangea ~325 million years ago. The ancestral North American and African continents collided, forming Himalayan-scaled mountain chains known as the Central Pangean Mountains. The modern-day Anti-Atlas Mountains of northwestern Africa were part of this chain. The mountain building ended some 265 million years ago, and the ancestral North American and African continents began drifting apart ~200 million years ago (and continue to do so to this day). The Appalachians have weathered and eroded away over the past hundreds of millions of years, leaving only remnants of the mountain system that once reached record heights. The strata of the Atlantic Coastal Plain are made up of sediment from their weathering, transportation, and deposition.

Professional Regulations and Criminal Liabilities Essay Example

Professional Regulations and Criminal Liabilities Essay Example Professional Regulations and Criminal Liabilities Paper Professional Regulations and Criminal Liabilities Paper Professional Regulations and Criminal Liabilities Pearl Street HCS/430 Joann Wilcox February 13, 2011 Consumer concerns have increased over the past few years because of the dramatic changes in health care information and its’ delivery (Benfield, Ashkanazi, Rozensky 2006). Each day patients put their physical health and trust in the hands of health care providers. Unfortunately, there have been times when the treatment provided, whether accidental or intentional, has caused harm to the patient. Patients who have experienced injury have the right to lodge a complaint against that provider. Included in the possible reasons for civil complaints is the sharing of personal information, negligence, or assault. These injuries are considered civil wrongs and are covered under Tort Law. In recent years, with the advances in technology, patient privacy has become imperative. In order to protect patient privacy the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 was enacted, and is part of the Department of Health and Human Services, regulated by the Office of Civil Rights. Health care providers must take care to protect the privacy of their patients at all times. HIPAA regulations provide a guideline to help protect not only the patient, but also employees, from divulgence of their personal information to non-involved third parties. Providers of health care should be acquainted with the rules and regulations that guide HIPAA and the subsequent violations. Information is necessary to provide adequate and correct patient care. The guidelines to protect patient privacy should be followed but are open for interpretation. Providers should be steered by professional principals and ethics (Lo, Dornbrand, Dubler 2005). Health care providers must understand the difference between privacy and confidentiality. Privacy is the right of individuals to keep personal information restricted. Patients decide who has access to their information. Confidentiality is how medical personnel deal with information once it has been disclosed. Patients’ believe that their health care providers will protect their privacy and use any personal information in an ethical manner (Ives, E, Millar, S. 2005). When providers of care breach that trust, atients may take action in the form of a formal complaint to the Department of Health and Human Services. When patients discover that their personal information has been unnecessarily shared, they may file a complaint against the physician, staff, or facility. To file a complaint, patients must follow the guidelines set by the local, state, or federal government. The process for a civil complaint to HIPAA begins with a written complaint, and can be in the form of a letter, fax or e-mail. Letters sent via mail or fax must be sent to the Office of Civil Rights regional offices. According to the Health and Human Services Department this form must include the name of the health care provider or facility, a description of the violation and be submitted in a timely manner, usually but not limited to 180 days. Supporting documentation, such as notarized witness statements should be included. The claim is then reviewed and a decision made whether the health care provider has violated the patients’ privacy. There are both civil and criminal penalties associated with disclosure of patient information. The Office for Civil Rights (OCR), a division of the Department of Health and Human Services, is responsible for investigating claims of privacy violations. According to the OCR, the guidelines for investigation include the timing of the allegation, if it took place after the rules for privacy protection took place, or after Aril 14, 2003 for privacy and after April 20, 2005 for security. A complaint must be filed against a facility or individual who is required, by law, to observe the Privacy and Security Rule such as a health plan or health care provider that electronically submits claims. Businesses exempt from these Rules would be life insurance companies, employers, schools, or child protective service agencies, law enforcement or municipalities. The complaint must also violate the rules of privacy and security, so a claim could not be made against a facility submitting information for the purpose of payment for services. If a person suspects a violation has occurred, a claim must be submitted within 180 days of the suspected violation, unless extenuating circumstances are involved. The process of evaluation begins when the information is received by the OCR.. Once a claim is received, essential information is obtained and an evaluation made about the timeliness of the claim. Jurisdiction must be decided and if the claim does not fall under the OCR, a referral is made to the correct agency. The claimant must be notified of the receipt of the claim in 10 days. The Resolution Manual for the OCR then outlines the procedures to complete the claim process. Included in that process is the determination of urgency, notification to the facility or health care provider of the claim, and an acceptance letter and consent form are sent to the claimant. Investigation of the claim continues and requires several steps. Case planning, communication with the health providers involved, obtaining and following through with information requests, evidence collection, and interviews are included in this process. Determination of the next step is dependent on the previous findings. The case can then be resolved or referred to the Department of Justice for criminal prosecution. If the complaint is a civil matter, the Office of Civil Rights will continue with an investigation. Evidence gathering can involve interviews, review of the submitted documents and visits to the facility or provider in question. If OCR decides that a complaint is valid, the parties involved will be notified. An attempt is made to come to a resolution of the issue. The provider can then voluntarily comply with the OCR decision, which can include corrective action or some other agreement. The Office of Civil Rights then files formal findings. In a civil case, in which it is determined that the violation was an unknown breach of patient confidential information, the minimum fine, according to Health and Human Services, is 100 dollars per violation, and can increase to 25. 000 dollars per calendar year. The maximum is a fine of 50,000 dollars for each violation and can be repeated up to 1. 5 million dollars per calendar year. The OCR then monitors the compliance of the resolution to establish that the corrective measures have been implemented. Non-compliance to the recommendations of the OCR can lead to suspension of Federal financial aid or referral to the Department of Justice for further action. Not only can providers be held accountable for their actions to OCR, but also according to Occupational Health Management, they may also face disciplinary sanctions from state government licensing boards and professional associations. The Department Of Justice becomes involved in violations of HIPAA when the infringement is deemed an offense where the provider was aware of the breach of confidentiality. HIPAA is a federal law. As with any federal law, violations of HIPAA are considered a felony. If convicted, according to the DOJ, a provider may be fined a minimum of 50,000 dollars and one year in prison for knowingly violates a persons’ privacy rights or the maximum amount of 250,000 dollars and up to 10 years in prison, if the purpose is to use information for identity theft that results in personal gain. Federal violations are felonies and carry all the consequences of a felony conviction. Conclusion Health care providers, facilities and support staff must always be aware of the responsibility their job entails. The patient has entrusted them to diagnose, treat and educate them about their health issues. This trust includes protection of the patients’ privacy rights. Providers of health care must share some of this confidential information with certain third party entities. The inadvertent or deliberate disclosure of patient information can lead to legal ramifications. The patient health record is a tool for care. Emerging regulations to protect that record permits the patient to be the acknowledged owner of that information (Ives, Millar, 2005). Health professionals have an ethical duty to protect that information. When that trust is breached, patients have options. The Office of Civil Rights, working as an agency of the Department of Health and Human Services, handles civil complaints against providers that may have violated patient privacy. The role of the OCR is to determine if a violation has occurred, establish a resolution, ensure compliance, or refer to the Department of Justice for criminal prosecution. Protecting the rights and privacy of information has been a long-standing ethical responsibility of health care providers. As we move forward, more advances in technology will require adherence to privacy rules and regulations that protect the privacy of the patients treated. References Benefield, H. Ashkanazi, G. Rozensky, R. (2006) Communication and records: hipaa Issues when working in a health care setting Professional Psychology; Research and Practice 37(3) 273-277 DOI 10. 1037/0735-7028. 37. 3. 273 Department of Health and Human Services (2011) What the OCR considers during intake review Retrieved from www. hhs. gov Feb. 09, 2011 Department of Health and Human Services (20110) Enforcement process Retrieved from www. hhs. gov Feb. 09, 2011 Department of Health and Human Services (2011) How to file a complaint Retrieved From www. hhs. gov Feb. 09, 2011 Ives, E. Millar, S. (2005) Caring for patients while respecting their privacy: renewing our commitment Online Journal of Nursing Vol. 10(2) Retrieved from EBSCOHost Feb. 10,2011 Lo, B. Dornbrand, L, Dublar, N. (2005) HIPAA and patient care: the role for professional judgment Journal of the American Medical Association 14(1) 1766- 1771 Retrieved from www. jama. ama Feb. 09,2011

Rizal Journey Essay Essays

Rizal Journey Essay Essays Rizal Journey Essay Paper Rizal Journey Essay Paper Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study of Rizal’s Life. Works and Writings Rizal Law and the Teaching of Rizal Course|Republic Act of 1425Or Rizal Law| * Mandates the instruction of the life. plants and Hagiographas of Rizal in all schools in the state. | Jose P. Laurel | * Sponsored the jurisprudence because Rizal was the laminitis of Filipino nationality and the designer of the Filipino state. * Believed that by reading and analyzing Rizal’s life. instructions and Hagiographas. Filipino young person will derive incorruptible assurance. way. bravery and finding. | Aims of Rizal Law ( 1956 ) | * To rededicate the lives of the young person to ideals of freedom and patriotism. * To pay testimonial to our national hero for giving his life and works in determining the Filipino character. * To derive an inspiring beginning of nationalism thru the survey of Rizal’s life. plants and Hagiographas. | †¦Goals by the Board of National Education ( Capino et al. 1997 ) | * To acknowledge the relevancy of Rizal’s ideals. ideas. instructions and life values to present status in the community. * To use Rizal’s thoughts in the solution of daily state of affairss and jobs in modern-day life. * To develop an apprehension and grasp of the qualities. behaviour and character of Rizal. * To further the development of moral character. personal subject. citizenship and vocational efficiency among the Filipino young person. | Rizal. An American Sponsored Hero| Constantino ( 1969 ) | * Claims that Rizal was an American-sponsored hero. | Taft Commission of 1901| * Not the Filipino people chose Rizal to go our country’s national hero. | Contenders of the Title of National Hero| * Rizal. Aguinaldo. Bonifacio and Mabini| Act No. 137| * Organized a politico-military territory and named it as the state of Rizal in award of the most celebrated Filipino. | Act No. 243| * Authorized a public subscription for the hard-on of a memorial in award of Rizal at Luneta. | Act No. 345| * Set aside the day of remembrance of Rizal’s decease as a twenty-four hours of observation. | Agoncillo ( 1986 ) | * Rizal was accepted as a national hero to the Americans because he was the symbol of assimilation. which was the American policy so in the Philippines. | Factors harmonizing to Constantino ( 1969 ) that affected Rizal’s acceptableness as official hero of the Philippines| * Rizal was already dead when the Americans began their aggression in t he Philippines. * No embarrassinganti-American citation could of all time be attributed to Rizal. * Rizal’s dramatic martyrdom had already made him the symbol of Spanish subjugation. | Guerrero ( 1998 ) | * Asserts that it is the Filipinos who have chosen Rizal to be the symbol of our patriotism as a people even before he died. * Rizal was the first Filipino. | Guerrero’s Conclusions| * Since the Filipinos love peace. they have chosen to amplify a adult male of peace above the work forces of war. * Because Filipinos are lovers of freedom and justness. they have given their worship to a adult male who gave up all amenitiess and pleasances of the peace for their interest. * Filipinos prize virtue more than triumph and forfeit above success. | Rizal. Pioneer Asiatic Nationalist Leader| De Ocampo ( 1969 ) | * Rizal was the first advocate of Asiatic patriotism since he was the beginning of inspiration for the eruption of the Philippine Revolution of 1896. | Fisher ( 1962 ) | * Called Rizal the Pioneer Exponent of Liberal Democracy in Asia. * Said even before Gandhi and Sun Yat-Sen began their political calling. Rizal had already spoken out with soundness and bravery thoughts on broad democracy by his Hagiographas. * Worth and self-respect of the person. * Inviolability of human rights * Innate equality of all work forces and races * Necessity for constitutional authorities * Due procedure of jurisprudence * Popular sovereignty as footing of all political authorization. * Faith in human ground and enlightenment * Rights of the multitudes to public instruction. * Belief in societal advancement through freedom | Major Periods in the Life of Rizal ( Celedonio. 1982 ) | First Period ( 1861-1872 ) | * Rizal learned how to read. compose and listened to narratives that triggered inventive and critical thought on his portion. * He developed diligence. creativeness. reason and self-respect. | Second Period ( 1872-1882 ) | * First turning point in the life of Rizal. * He was 11 and enrolled in Ateneo Municipal despite his mother’s expostulation. * It was the period when Fathers Gomez. Burgos and Zamora were unjustly executed by the Spanish authorities. * Their martyrdom made Rizal aware of the maltreatments of the government and led him to give himself in the hereafter to revenge unfairnesss and inhuman treatments of the Spanish. * Strengthening of his spiritual foundation. * Cultivation of the thrust toward excellence * Conception of the Philippines as his homeland. *Visualizing the Philippines having light thru instruction. * Percept of the intimate confederation between faith and instruction. | Third Period ( 1882-1892 ) | * Second major turning point in Rizal’s life. * He decided to go forth the Philippines to get away persecution. * He traveled and everyplace he went. he was ever an perceiver and a pupil. larning from everything he saw. read and heard. * He took portion in the Propaganda Movement based in Europe. | Fourth Period ( 1892-1896 ) | * The last turning point of his life before his martyrdom in December 30. 1896. * Rizal was exiled to Dapitan. * He detached his connexions with political relations and devoted more of his clip in practical service and utility to the community. | Chapter 2: The nineteenth Century World of Jose RizalGrowth and Development of Nationalism |Nationalism | * ( Jackson A ; Jackson. 2000 ) A sense of trueness or psychological attachment members of a state portion. based on a common linguistic communication. history. civilization and desire for independency. * It is a feeling that drives a people together as a state. * McKay et Al. 1995 * Has evolved from a existent or imagined cultural integrity. attesting itself in a common linguistic communication. history and district. * Patriots have normally sought to turn this cultural integrity into political world so that the district of each people coincides with its province boundaries. * Patriots believe that every state has the right to be in freedom and develop in character and spirit. * It can take to aggressive campaigns and counter-crusades and can emphasize differences among people. | Rise and Gradual Spread of Liberalism and Democracy| Black. 1999| * The rise and spread of Liberalism and Democracy was really a effect of the growing and development of patriotism. | Liberalism| * Principle thoughts are liberty and equality. * Demanded representative authorities as opposed to bossy monarchy. equality before the jurisprudence as opposed to lawfully separate categories. * Besides meant specific single freedom: freedom of the imperativeness ; freedom of address ; freedom of assembly ; and freedom from arbitrary apprehension. | Democracy| * Was bit by bit established thru the undermentioned agencies: * Promulgation of Torahsthat progress democracy * Undertaking of reforms thru statute law * Abolition of bondage * Adoption of a broad fundamental law * Supplying the citizens the chance to suggest Torahs * Adoption of manhood right to vote and granting of political. economic and societal rights to the people * The ecclesiastical and civil governments so were non inclined to allow basic human rights to the Filipinos as it wil l be disadvantageous to the Spain’s colonial disposal of the Philippines fearing that it will actuate the Filipinos to work for independency and convey down the Regime. | The Industrial Revolution| Stearns et Al. 1991| * One of the most important developments in the nineteenth century was the Industrial revolution. | Industrial Revolution| * Refers to the transmutation of fabrication brought about by the innovation and usage of machines. | Positive Effects| * Rise of the mill system. * Mass production of indispensable and non-essential goods. * Improvement of people’s criterion of life. * Greater Urbanization of Society. * Beginnings of specialisation or division of labour. * Invention of labor-saving devices. * The beginning of industrial capitalist economy * Fostering of liberalism and patriotism. * Encouragement of people’s mobility. | Negative Effects| * Widening the spread between the rich and hapless * Unending economic warfare between labour and capital * Pollution and other environmental jobs * Get downing of kid and adult females labour * Intensification of imperialistic competition between and among industrialised states. | Doreen. 1991| * To work out th e immoralities created by the industrial system. different steps were proposed by concerned sectors of universe society. | Liberals| * Laissez-faire policy or government’s non-interference in the behavior of trade and concern has to be sustained for the uninterrupted enlargement of the economic system. | Socialists| * Assert that the authorities has to command critical industries and resources. * Necessary in advancing equality of chance and people’s public assistance in society. | Communists| * Suggest that all factors of production be owned and controlled by the authorities. * Equality can be achieved if societal categories are destroyed and absolutism of the labor is established. | The Progresss of Science| Consequences| * Everyday experience and countless scientists impressed the importance of scientific discipline on the heads of ordinary citizens. * As scientific discipline became more outstanding in popular thought. the philosophical deduction of scientific discipline spread to wide subdivisions of the population. Technical progresss led people to develop optimistic religion in man’s capableness to accomplish advancement. * The methods of scientific discipline acquired unrivaled prestigiousness after 1850. For many. the brotherhood of careful experiment and abstract theory was the lone path to the truth and nonsubjective world. | The Upsurge of Western Imperialism| Industrializing West| * In the nineteenth century. they entered the 3rd and most dynamic stage of its centuries-old-expansion into non-Western lands. | Consequences of Western Expansion| * The universe became in many ways a individual unit. * Diffused the thoughts and techniques of a extremely developed civilisation. Yet the west relied on force to suppress and govern and treated non-western people as racial inferiors. * Non-western elites launched national. anti-imperialist battle for self-respect. echt independency and modernisation. * Colonized people started to asseverate their right to self-government or the right to take the sort of authorities under which they would populate. | Optimism and Confidence in Progress| Chodorow et Al. 1994| * Optimism or faith in society and man’s ability to advancement was brought approximately by the promotion of scientific discipline. the coming of steam-powered industry and the spread of liberalism and socialism. | Marquis de Condorcet| * Summed the optimism of the century in his work Sketch for a Historical Picture of the Progress of the Human Mind. * Saw that â€Å"the strongest grounds for believing that nature has set no bound to realisation of our hopes† and foresaw â€Å"the abolishment of inequality between states. the advancement of equality within states and the true flawlessness of humanity. Progress was now independent of any power that might wish to hold it and will neer be reversed. †| Achievements| * Extension of human rights to many people * Promotion of higher instruction for work forces and adult females * Education for patriotism in schools * Investment in scientific discipline to function world * Improvement of public wel lness thru the constitution of legion infirmaries * Emergence of realistic literature. picturing the life of the clip | Chapter 3: Spain and the Philippines in the nineteenth Century Spain in the 19th Century|Zaide. 1994| * The nineteenth century was a disruptive century of political relations in Spanish history. * Frequent rise and autumn of ministries and fundamental laws. * Force to abandon the policy of mercantile system and adopted the individualistic policy. | Maguigad et Al. 2000| * To salvage the state from political disunity. the Spanish Crown worked out the canovite system or rotativism. | Canovite System or Rotativism| * The progressives and conservativists in Spain took bends in administrating the personal businesss of the state. | Mercantilism| * An economic philosophy based on the thought that a country’s wealth and power can be measured in footings of its stock of gold and Ag. | Romero et Al. 1978| * Spain was forced to abandon this policy on history of her felt need to follow the tendency of economic development in Europe and at the same clip velocity up the growing of her commercialism and trade. | Capino. 1977| * Spain’s acceptance of laissez-faire policy affected the Philippines in several ways. * Spain ended the Galleon Trade or the Manila-Acapulco trade in 1873. * This straight opened the Philippines to the universe commercialism * Ended the economic isolation of the Philippines from the remainder of the universe. * Created a in-between category imbued with civic bravery and personal independency which started the oppugning the maltreatments of the Spanish Regime. | The Philippines During Rizal’s Time| Consequences of the Spanish Conquest| * The Filipinos lost their hereditary lands on history of Spain’s establishment of the encomienda system. * Forced to accept Spanish civilization and faith. * This alteration was apparent in the administrative organisation of the state. societal construction and educational system of the Philippines and economic state of affairs in the nineteenth century. | Administrative Organization| Ministry of Colonies| * Thru this. the Spanish Crown was able to regulate the Philippines. | Governor-General| * Appointed by the Spanish sovereign * The caput of the Spanish colonial authorities in the state. *Represented the Crown in all governmental affairs. * Vice Royal Patron over spiritual personal businesss intending he could put up priests for ecclesiastical disposal of the parishes. * Commander in head of the colonial ground forces. * Chief executive of the colonial authorities. he was an ex-officio president of the Royal Audiencia. the Supreme Court in the Philippines during those times. * Had legislative powers. * Had the power of cumplase or the power to make up ones mind which jurisprudence or loyal edict should be implemented or disregarded in the settlement. | Actos Acordados| * Laws enacted by the governor-general. | Alcaldias| * The states during the Spanish Regime. * Divided into towns or Pueblo. | Alcalde Mayor or Provincial Mayor| * Each one headed a state who exe rcised executive and judicial maps. | Indulto de Commercio| * The provincial authorities was the most corrupt unit in local authorities so. owing to the privilege to prosecute in the monopolize trade called ______ . | Gobernadorcillo or Town Mayor| * Each one headed a Pueblo. * At first. he was elected by all married males. * Then. he was voted by 13 voters. chaired by the outgoing gobernadorcillo. * His chief duty was revenue enhancement aggregation. * To guarantee aggregation and remittal of these revenue enhancements. he was required to mortgage his belongingss to the authorities at the beginning of his term. | Romero et Al. 1978| * Each town was divided into barrios or barangays. | Cabeza de Barangay | * Headed a barangay. the smallest unit of authorities. * His map was to care of peace and order and aggregation of revenue enhancements and testimonials in the barangay. | Ayuntamiento| * City authorities during the Spanish Regime. * Governed by a cabildo or metropolis council com posed of a metropolis city manager ( alcalde en ordinario ) . councilors ( regidores ) . head constable ( aguacil city manager ) and a secretary ( escribano ) . | Spanish friar| * A cardinal figure in the local administrative set-up ( Schumacher. 1997 ) * Because of the brotherhood of the church and province in the Philippines. a rule upon which the Spanish colonial authorities in the state was founded. * Oversing representative of the Spanish authorities for all local personal businesss. * Practically the swayer of the town as he was the local school. wellness. prison. inspector and inspector of histories of the gobernadorcillos and cabeze de barangays. * His blessing was required in nose count lists. revenue enhancement lists. lists of ground forces draftees. and registry of births. deceases andmatrimonies. | Frailocracia| * Friars became more powerful and influential that even civil governments feared them. * Termed by Lopez Jaena. | Guardia Civil| * Another establishment feared in the Philippines. * Organized in1867. as a corps of native constabularies under the leading of Spanish officers for the intent of covering with criminals and renegades ( Maguigad et al. 2000 ) | Filibusteros| * Enemies of the authorities. | Erehes| * Enemies of the Catholic Church. |Audiencia Real| * Vested the judicial power of the authorities. * The Supreme Court during those times and the lower tribunals ( De Leon. 2000 ) . * Highest tribunal in the Philippines. * Besides served as a forum for settling of import issues on administration and an auditing bureau of the fundss of Spanish colonial disposal in the state. | Residencia| * The test of an surpassing governor-general to account for his Acts of the Apostless during his term of office of office. | Visitador| * Investigating officer to examine on ailments against the governor-general. he was non able to defy corruptness for his personal advantage. | Capino. 1977| * Another beginning of failing and maltreatment of Spanish authorities was the widespread merchandising of lower place to highest bidders. | The Social Structure of Filipino Society| Romero et Al. 1978| * Philippine society so was feudalistic as a effect of the encomienda system imposed by the colonisers. | polo Y servicio| * Forced labour to the authorities and the Catholic Chruch. | Limpieza de sangre| * Purity of Blood * The societal construction implemented by Spain was pyramidic due to the colonizer’s attachment to the doctrine†¦ ( Maguigad. 2000 ) . | Social Pyramid: | | Peninsulares| * Spaniards born in Spain. |Insulares| * Spaniards born in the Philippines. |Spanish and Chinese Mestizo| |Principalia| * Ruling category of native elites. |Indios| * Masses|Educational System|Failing of the Educational System: | * Over-emphasis on faith * Limited and irrelevant course of study * Obsolete schoolroom installations * Inadequate instructional stuff * Absence of academic freedom * Racial bias against the Filipinos in school. | Chapter 4: The Dawn of Filipino NationalismFusion of the Philippines Under Spanish Era|Reduccion Plan| * Implemented by Fr. Juan de Plasencia * Required the indigens to populate in the country near the church. | Results of the Reduccion Plan| * Spanish encomenderos found it easier to roll up revenue enhancements. * Transformed the Filipinos into law-abidding citizens. * The independency of the barangays was lost because of the resettlement of the indigens under the influence of the church. | Early Resistance to Spanish Rule| Rebellions caused by the desire to recover their lost freedom: | * Revolt of Raha Sulayman and Lakan Dula ( 1574 ) * Tondo Conspiracy ( 1587-1588 ) * Revolt of Malong ( 1660-1661 ) * Dagohoy’s Revolt ( 1744-1829 ) * Revolt of Diego Silang ( 1762-1763 ) * Revolt of Palaris ( 1762-1764 ) | Revolts caused by opposition to Spanish-imposed establishments: | * Magalat Revolt ( 1596 ) * Revolt of the Irrayas ( 1621 ) * Cagayan Revolt ( 1639 ) * Sumuroy Rebellion ( 1649-1650 ) * Maniago Revolt ( 1660 ) | Revolts caused by the agricultural agitation: | * Provinces of Batangas. Laguna. Cavite. Pampanga and Bulacan. | Rebellions caused by the desire to return to their native faith: | * Igorot Revolt ( 1601 ) * Tamblot Revolt ( 1621-1622 ) * Revolt of Lanab and Alababan ( 1625-1627 ) * Tapar Revolt ( 1663 ) * Revolt of Francisco Rivera ( 1718 ) * Revolt of Hermano Apolinario dela Cruz ( 1840-1841 ) * Revolt of the Muslims in Southern Philippines| Divide et Impera Policy| * Factor for the failure of the rebellions. * They failed to recognize that their common enemy was the Spanish| The Emergence of the Filipino Sense of Nationhood | Cause of the Development of Nationalism | * Opening of the Philippines to universe commercialism * Rise of clase media * Broad government of Carlos Ma. Dela Torre * Racial Discrimination * Secularization contention * Cavite Mutiny of 1872| The Opening of the Philippines to World Commerce| John Locke’s Theory of Revolution| * People can subvert a authorities that is non working for the good of the governed. | The Rise of Clase Media|Clase Media or New in-between class| * Can be traced to the prosperity of a comparatively little category of ladino and the principalia or governing elite who benefited from the gap of the state to foreign commercialism and trade. | Broad Regime of Carlos Ma. Dela Torre| Carlos Ma. Dela Torre| * Was appointed governor-general after the autumn of Queen Isabella and the victory of liberalism in Spain. * Encouraged the aspirations of the reformers and abolished the censoring of the imperativeness. * During his term. freedom of address and of the imperativeness as guaranteed by the Spanish Constitution were recognized. | Rafeal de Izquierdo| * Replaced Carlos Ma. Dela Torre * Boasted that he came to the Philippines with a cross on one manus and a blade on the other. | Racial Discrimination| Indios| * What the Spanish called the Filipinos * Means inferior race| Fray Miguel de Bustamante| * Portrayed the Filipino as an single with low mental ability. incapable of geting European instruction and fitted merely to work in the field and be given a carabao in his booklet called Si Tandang Basyong Macunat. | Secularization Controversy| Secularization of Parishes| * The transportation of the monitories established by regular Spanish clergy to Filipino laymans. | Fr. Pedro Pelaez| * An insulares. who rose to the place of vicar capitular of Manila in1861. * Led the battle against royal edicts turning secular parishes over to the mendicants. * Appealed to the Queen Isabella II for ecclesiastical equality between the Spanish habitues and Filipino laymans. | Fr. Burgos| * Continued the battle subsequently after the decease of Fr. Palaez. * He exerted all attempts to support the Filipino clergy from all the onslaughts by the Spanish habitues. * Applead to the Spanish queen that the Filipino priests the opportunity to turn out that they can be the Spanish habitues. | Cavite Mutiny of 1872| Sgt. La Madrid| * Lead a mutiny with Filipino soldiers in the armory of Cavite on the dark of January 20. 1872 brought about by Izquierdo’s abolishment of their freedom from testimonials and forced labour. | Rizal and the Cavite Mutiny of 1872| Execution of Gomburza| * When Rizal heard of the martyrdom of Gomburza when he was 11 old ages old. he changed his head of going a priest and go a Jesuit male parent and dedicated his life to revenge the victims of the Spanish authorities. |

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Case for School Uniforms - Essay Example Alicia harangues on the economic consequences of introducing school uniforms by declaring that â€Å"the uniforms don’t seem quite so affordable.† As per Alicia’s logic, school uniforms amount to an added financial burden on an average middle class family and many families find it really costly to purchase uniforms for their progeny. Even a cursory online analysis of the price catalogues of some of the famous economy stores will amply testify to the fact that school uniforms are not that dearer as Alicia deems them to be. Besides, in the long run, making children wear uniforms to school turns out to be cheaper than helping them afford an assorted wardrobe catering to their school dressing needs and requirements. School uniforms relieve the parents and the students of tons of financial pressure and burden with everyone knowing that they have to wear the same clothes to school every day. Alicia also tends to hold that even if schools uniforms ameliorate the â€Å" best clothes competition (Thomas, 2009)†, they do usher in a more damaging â€Å"the best body competition. † Her logic is that students who are thin or husky may not be able to choose clothes that tone down their bodily aberrations and hence may suffer from guilt or many types of complexes. The fact is that this argument put forward by Alicia is facile and immature. Everybody knows that in the real world nobody is perfect and that most of the people do tend to have the so called physical, mental or social limitations.

Discussion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 22

Discussion - Assignment Example Therefore in conducting nursing research socioeconomic factors affecting individuals in a particular environment The health of an individual is the utmost priority undertaken by professions in the nursing sector. Cleanliness is the significant risk that can lead to diseases. Poor families often live in areas where the levels of pollution are usually high. Contamination of drinking water is likely to cause waterborne diseases. Therefore, provision of clean drinking would increase chances of good health. Vaccination of the children ensures that the immunity of their health is strengthened. The nurse family partnership an approach established in the nursing sector would assist poor through provision of counseling facilities and free medical camps for the poor families. Nurses can help the poor families by providing in which individuals can sustain themselves. Based on the safe at home checklist various observations were made concerning the environmental safety of the home. The home has fire extinguisher strategically placed to counter sudden fires. In addition, the sprinkler system within was well maintained and functioning. The smoke alarms and carbon monoxide detectors were present within the home and were working based on the numerous detections within the home.  In the case of the care of frail, dependent member rumps, need to be established  in homes  to ensure mobility. Supportive poles can also assist such individual support themselves during mobility. Toilets for the disabled should be part of the nursing homes to cater for those unable to walk. Success in recruiting and maintaining the right staff is vital in improving the quality of healthcare. Therefore, proper care should be taken that qualified staff are hired. Nurses are critical in disbursement of health care services. There are significant factors to note in

Biology Lesson 6 Exam Essay Example for Free

Biology Lesson 6 Exam Essay Question 1 2 points Save Epithelial, muscle, connective, and nervous are types of what? bones cells tissues (pages 846-847) organs Question 2 2 points Save Which of the following is NOT a structural characteristic of bone? Haversian canals periosteum connective bone (pages 851-852) bone marrow Question 3 2 points Save Freely movable, slightly movable, and immovable are types of what? bones subcutaneous tissues muscles joints (page 854) Question 4 2 points Save Which is NOT a characteristic or function of the epidermis? repair of damaged cells (page 861) flattened cells protection from outside forces  contain waterproofing protein Question 5 2 points Save Which type of blood vessel is both strong and elastic? capillary artery (page 873). Vein venule Question 6 2 points Save Which of the following are the smallest and most numerous blood vessels in the body? venules veins arteries Capillaries (page 874) Question 7 2 points Save Air moves through the bronchi to the alveoli by a network of tiny tubes called arterioles. venules. capillaries. bronchioles. (page 886) Question 8 2 points Save Which of the following lists the correct order of structures through which air passes as it enters the body and proceeds to the lungs? Nose, larynx, trachea, pharynx pharynx, nose, larynx, trachea nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea (page 886) pharynx, nose, trachea, larynx Question 9 2 points Save Most of the end products of digestion are absorbed into the circulatory system from which organ? liver (page 911) pancreas large intestine small intestine Question 10 2 points Save The mouth, small intestine, and kidneys have functions that involve the digestion of food, synthesis of vitamins, and filtering of the blood. intake, digestion, absorption, and elimination of food and its wastes. secretion of bile, digestion of food, and reabsorption of water. All of the above. Question 11 2 points Save Pancreas is to small intestine enzymes as stomach is to saliva. stomach is to proteins from amino acids. liver is to bile. (page 910) liver is to hydrochloric acid. Question 12 2 points Save Ureter is to urinary bladder as urinary bladder is to ureter. urethra is to urinary bladder. urethra is to ureter. urinary bladder is to urethra. (page 914) Question 13 2 points Save As urine passes through the nephrons in the kidneys, urine from the renal tubule empties into a larger tube called a(n) ureter. (page 914) collecting tube. Bowmans capsule. renal vein. Question 14 2 points Save Which of the following is the blood vessel with the largest diameter? capillary artery vein (page 874) venule Question 15 2 points Save The skin repels pathogens by functioning as a barrier. by producing antibodies. with sweat, which contains lysozyme. both a and c. (page 924) Question 16 2 points Save As a defense against pathogens, mucous membranes cover all of the bodys surfaces to act as an impenetrable barrier. line internal body surfaces that contact the environment. (page 924) produce antibodies to combat infection. secrete sweat, which has antibacterial enzymes. Question 17 2 points Save An allergic response is NOT typically caused by harmless antigens. pollen. histamine. both a and c. Question 18 2 points Save The function of neurons is to maintain a difference in electrical charge across the cell membrane. have specific ions cross the membrane through ion channels. maintain a membrane potential with charged ions on either side of the cell membrane. all of the above. (page 945) Question 19 2 points Save When an impulse moves down the axon, sodium ions first rush out of the cell. a small part of the axon momentarily reverses its polarity (page 946). The resting potential of the cell does not change. potassium ions are pumped into the axon. Question 20 2 points Save When a neuron is at rest, sodium ions are most concentrated inside the cell. potassium ions are most concentrated inside the cell. the outside of the cell is negatively charged. b and c. (page 946) Question 21 2 points Save After an action potential, the voltage-gated sodium channels close and then sodium ions diffuse into the axon. potassium ions flow out of the axon. (page 947) the membrane potential becomes positive. neurotransmitters cross the cell membrane. Question 22 2 points Save. Refer to the illustration below to answer this question. Which structure regulates movement and posture? A B (Cerebellum) C D Question 23 2 points Save Refer to the illustration in question 22 to answer this question. Which structure regulates intellectual function? A (Cerebrum) B C D Question 24 2 points Save The brain stem is responsible for directing information in the brain and secreting hormones. regulating vital functions and memory. (pages 951-952) motor processing and regulating homeostatic functions. sensory processing and regulating balance. Question 25 2 points Save. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the spinal cord? It runs through the vertebral column. It extends just below the rib cage. It uses spinal nerves to connect to the PNS. It has a dorsal and ventral root at each end. (pages 952-953) Question 26 2 points Save Which of the following is NOT a function of hormones? initiate behavior and reproduction (page 974) coordinate the production and use of energy maintain nutrition and metabolism react to stimuli from outside the body Question 27 2 points Save The gland that is stimulated during emergency situations (causing the fight-or-flight response) is the  hypothalamus. thyroid. adrenal. (page 985) pituitary. Question 28 2 points Save Development and maintenance of female sexual characteristics are mainly stimulated by secretions of the pituitary. hypothalamus. pancreas. ovaries. Question 29 2 points Save Thyroid hormones stimulate cell metabolism and growth. (page 984) slow growth of their target cells. stimulate synthesis of DNA. bind to receptor molecules on the target cells surface. Question 30 2 points Save Which of the following is NOT a major structure of the male reproductive system? testes corpus luteum epididymis urethra Question 31 2 points Save. A sperm cell consists of a tail used for locomotion and a head that contains ____, which help(s) the sperm cell penetrate an egg cell. semen RNA enzymes (page 997) mucous Question 32 2 points Save After the ovum leaves the ovary, what is the first structure it passes through? corpus luteum cervix uterus fallopian tubes (page 1000) Question 33 2 points Save Which of the following is NOT a major structure of the female reproductive system? bulbourethral glands uterus ovary fallopian tube Question 34 10 points Save Match the terms in Column I with the definitions in Column II. Skeletal system F endocrine system H immune system C reproductive system I muscular system F circulatory system D digestive system G respiratory system A excretory system J nervous system E A. regulates supply of gases from ATP production B. provides negative feedback signals C. protects body against foreign dangers D. rapid transit for liquids and gases E. primary regulator of sensory functions F. provides support and means of motion G. processes materials for growth and maintenance H. makes cells used in circulatory system I. only system in which meiosis occurs J. takes out whats not wanted in the blood.

Market Research On Primarks Clothing Marketing Essay

Market Research On Primarks Clothing Marketing Essay The UK clothing and footwear (or apparel) market was worth an estimated  £46.05bn in 2009, accounting for 5.3% of total consumer spending (Key Note Publications Ltd, July 2010). According to Mintel, (June 2010), nearly half (12.7 million) of women in the UK spent the same or even more on their clothes in 2009 despite the economic recession. Consumers have cut back on leisure activities such as holidays and eating out, they have continued to spend on clothing and footwear indicating that they are being selective about what to spend their money on and are choosing to buy clothing over a meal out. Over half of overall UK consumers (54%) did not reduce the amount they spent on clothes during the past year and one in ten (11%) of consumers say they actually spent more on clothes than they usually would over the past year, despite the economic difficulties. This could be because consumers have cut back on leisure activities (Mintel, June 2010). Between 2005 and 2009, the womens outerwear segment actually declined slightly in value, because average prices were 22% lower in 2009 than they were in 2005. This occurred despite the dynamism of `fast fashion, in which more and more garments are bought but worn only a few times before they go out of fashion and are disposed of (Key Note Publications Ltd, July 2010). Consumers are now tending towards the budget end of the market, which is targeted by companies such as Primark, Peacocks and Matalan, or the designer, premium-priced extreme. The mid-market has consequently become very competitive, with the struggles of Marks and Spencer, Arcadia Group and BhS to retain market share (Infomat, August 2006). Besides the mid market trend, the quality over quantity trend appears to have risen up the consumer priority list, with almost four in ten consumers who intend to spend more on clothing in the coming year claiming that they will pay more for quality clothes (Mintel, June 2010). Consumers might consider that expensive products tend to be of better quality. Therefore, the UK Retailers should react quickly in responding and considering the quality message of their clothing in order to satisfy consumers needs and wants and therefore, increase their market share. Background to the study The Primark story has been one of continuing success founded on a unique combination of fast fashion and lean operations. Its operations in Great Britain began in 1973 with four out-of-town stores. The following year saw the opening of the first UK High Street stores in Derby and Bristol. In the next ten years, 18 stores were added in the UK bringing the number of stores in the 22. Till date, Primark has been able to open 145 stores in the United Kingdom. (Primark, 2010). Over the years Primark has been able to provide cheap and affordable clothing, but the quality of the product has been questionable. In the first and second quarter of the year, Primark recorded a 17% year-on-year sales increase in which it was driven by more selling space, Primark looks likely to continue in a similar successful vein for the predicted future, but its continued growth is not without some market barriers, Primark could be hit hard; and its lack of association with quality could also prove unfavourable in the long term.(Mintel, 2010) The retail landscape is about to change as the deflation of the last decade comes to an abrupt end. Raw material prices, freight and labour costs (particularly in the Far East) are rising and, coupled with the impending VAT increase and unfavourable foreign exchange movements, clothing prices on like-for-like items are expected to rise by at least 5% next year Mintel (2010). Primark cannot continue to provide cheap clothing because of the high production cost and tax rate, if the prices of the products are increased and the quality keeps disappointing the consumers, consumers could decide to switch back their loyalties to the mid market retailers like Gap and H and M who have celebrity designers such as Stella McCartney and Jimmy Choo designing ranges for them to reassert themselves in the clothing retail market. Primarks main focus of clothing is producing value clothing which can be afforded by the low and middle class consumers. But there could be trouble along the way as the perception of product quality appears to be slipping, consumers are now shopping for deals and finding value for money. The main test of this brand is to improve its quality and reposition its image in the minds of the existing and new consumers. Management Problem: The major issue facing Primark is to improve its quality and reposition its image in the minds of the existing and new consumers and thereby increase its market share than its current market position. Therefore the Management decision Problem would be: How Primarks clothing could increase its market share. Market Research problems: A market research problem will be carried out to support the management decision problem of Primark. Therefore the market research problem for the study will be: To determine consumers attitudes and the level of satisfaction derived from current product qualities. Research Components: The research components are used for identifying the market research problem. Therefore the research components are: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ What criteria do consumers use in selecting a clothing brand? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ How do consumers evaluate Primark and its competitors based on the identified choice criteria? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ What are the consumers attitudes towards Primark? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To determine the psychographic and demographic profile of the consumers Literature review Globally, clothing continues to serve the three basic functions of concealment, protection and identity. However, when shopping for a piece of clothing, the third factor identity is the criteria that the consumer in modern society is completely engrossed with. Clothing has the ability not only to represent status in society, or act as a measurement of self-esteem, but can reveal personality and what values a person holds dear to them (What you wear is what you are, 2010). Solomon and Ranbolt (2004). confirm that revealing identity through the clothes a person wears is a conscious decision: A consumer exhibits attachment to an objectto maintain his or her self-conceptClothing can function in a similar way (p. 148). This perception of how consumers see themselves is called the Self-Concept Theory, which categorises the term Ideal Self as something a person is always trying to achieve. Therefore a retailer will be more successful if the goods they sell facilitate a person in realizi ng their ideal self (Diamond 2006). Undoubtedly, the ideal self of the UK consumer is an increasingly fashionable one. This does not just apply to the younger age group, but also the older and more affluent age group who enjoy keeping up to date with current trends. Previously, this was very hard to accomplish as there was virtually no consumer choice for the older market segment, but value stores have attempted to address this issue (Clothing Market in the United Kingdom, 2006). These value chain stores allow consumers to remain fashionable while shopping on a budget and have arguably led to the creation of the term Fast Fashion. This refers to the current consumer habit of only wearing a piece of clothing a handful of times before it becomes unfashionable and is discarded (Clothing Footwear Industry Market Review 2010). Selling unfashionable items at rock-bottom prices and thereby encouraging this unsustainable practise does not enhance a companys reputation as Solomon and Rabolt (2004) believe: the green movement, is a priority for many consumers around the world (p. 148). Being socially responsible has been a constant issue for Primark and its low pricing and so-called fast fashion has prompted inquiries into how it can achieve this without ignoring ethical guidelines. This answer became clear when BBCs Panorama series went behind the scenes in India only to find children working in slum-workshops for poor pay on terribly long hours (Primark: on the rack, 2008). Such production lines contribute to the quality of the end product that Primarks displays on its rails and while consumers may be prepared to put up with poor quality during the recession, the latest research shows that this, among other factors, will soon change: The average prices paid for apparel could well start to increase, for three reasons: a move towards higher quality, comfort and design; demand for more expensive but sustainable products (Clothing Footwear Industry Market Review, 2010). Due to the competitiveness of the UK clothing industry (Clothing Market in the United Kingdom, 20 06), it is vital that in order to remain successful retailers become more responsive to the needs and wants of consumers (McMeekin, 2009). As argued by Alex Blyth, presenting a brand as cheap without ruining its value is one of the trickier marketing strategies to master ( Alex Blyth, 2010). Primark really needs to focus more on adding value to their product while having minimum effect on price as lower price is eventually their strength the same has been concluded by Robert Passikoff The buying decision has shifted from price to an even greater emphasis on value. Primark which already made a good use of its Suppliers chain during recession, by offering break down prices to pull more customers and successfully maintaining its competitive edge .However Primark can stress on its suppliers to add more value (Quality and other attributes) to the products so that growing market segment which tend to adopt to quality product can be attracted. This will not only help Primark attract more customers but will also turn the satisfied customers to loyal customers. A leading communications company found via satisfaction research that those customers proclaiming to be extremely or very satisfied were their least profitable customers in terms of revenue and product usage indicators( Pete Clark / Graham Tutton Oct 2007). Our research is led by the spirit of growth and increasing the market share, this is required by the market implicitly and explicitly. Enhancing your business performance is a never-ending process. World-class organizations do not want satisfied customers. Developing strong, loyal relationships with customers, effectively managing these relationships, and applying the latest thinking to measuring and managing customer perceptions, are the keys to turn satisfied customers to loyal customers ( Pete Clark / Graham Tutton Oct 2007).   Based on the previous studies we try to find that what values (Corporate Social Responsibility, Price, Quality, patronage effect or Brand Identity) most to the Primarks Customers, and how can Primark add value to its product? So that more customers could be attracted and more diverse segments of the market could be targeted. Research Model The secondary data demonstrates that there are some important factors which can have influence on the perception and attitude of the consumers through the decision-making process. i.e. the price, if a higher price or a lower price can affect the attitude of consumers towards Primark; brand image; quality; pleasing to others, word of mouths; do consumers feel satisfied of the shopping environment of Primark or not; the durability of the products; style of clothing; comfort; packaging; and fabric also. Furthermore the researchers also need to identify the current situation of Primark and compare with other competitors in clothing industry. Then on the next level, the researchers would like to know if the attitude change has an impact on the shopping frequency at Primark, or to what extent they can influence the consumers buying behaviour .And also the researchers defined two factors as the moderators needed to be analyse when testing the buying behaviour of the consumers. By using this model and testing the research questions and hypothesis to solve the manager problems How can the marketers of Primark to increase the market share. At the first place, the 10 factors evaluative criteria towards Primark are the independent variables and the perception and attitude towards Primark of the consumers is the dependant variable. However, the continuous model shows that the change of attitude could become as an independent variable when the researchers going to find the relationship between the satisfaction of consumers and the frequency to shop at Primark which is defined as a dependant variable. . And moreover the two moderators (gender and age group) are also independent variables which should be tested through the researching process. Research Question and Hypothesis Based on the secondary data and the research model, there are some questions and hypothesise for the researchers, so that to clarify the relationship and influences between different variables. What are the critical factors when shopping for clothes? H1: There are certain factors that influence the decision making of shopping for clothes. What are the important factors that can affect the attitudes of the customers when shopping at Primark? H2: There are some important factors that would affect the attitudes of the customers when shopping at Primark Does brand image influence the buyers attitudes towards Primark? H3: Brand image is a key factor that has an impact on the shopping attitude towards Primark. Is there a relationship between the high quality of products and the satisfaction of the consumers? H4: There is a significant relationship between the quality of products and the positive attitude towards Primark Is there a relationship between the low price and the attitude of the customers? H5: There is a significant association between the customers preference and the low price of the products in Primark. Is there a relationship between shopping behaviour of consumers and demographic index? H6: There is an significant association between consumers shopping behaviour and demographic index. Appendix 1: Questionnaire Leeds University Business School Dear Respondent, This questionnaire is purely for educational research and we are grateful to all who participate. We will be completing our MA in Corporate Communications and Public Relations from the Leeds University Business School in September 2011. The data derived from the questionnaire will be analyzed to produce a marketing research project as part of our degree programme. The purpose of this survey is To determine the factors that consumers consider as important while shopping for clothing. The findings of the study would help to suggest an appropriate framework to Primarks clothing to increase its market share. All of your responses will be kept confidential and all of the information will be analyzed and reported as grouped data. The study will be incomplete without your response and support. We kindly request you to fill in the required information. We appreciate your time and generosity! Part I General Shopping Behavior about Clothing How often do you shop for Clothing? à ¢- ¡Weekly à ¢- ¡ Monthly à ¢- ¡ Once in two months à ¢- ¡ Once in three months à ¢- ¡ Once in six months Kindly tick the most suitable preference you would consider while buying clothing. à ¢- ¡ According to need à ¢- ¡ During the season à ¢- ¡ During the sales à ¢- ¡ Only on special days or festivals Kindly tick the most appropriate preference of your shopping destinations. à ¢- ¡ Independent Shop à ¢- ¡ Shopping Centre à ¢- ¡ Markets à ¢- ¡ Other (Please specify) ________________________ Which is the most important factor influencing your clothing shopping decision? à ¢- ¡ Newspapers / Magazines à ¢- ¡ Friends / Relatives à ¢- ¡ TV à ¢- ¡ Internet à ¢- ¡ Posters / Hoardings à ¢- ¡ Other (Please specify) _________________________ Kindly identify the importance you associate with each of the attributes while you shop for Clothing. Least important Æ’Â  Very important à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Brand image 1 2 3 4 5 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Quality of clothing 1 2 3 4 5 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Price 1 2 3 4 5 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Style 1 2 3 4 5 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Comfort 1 2 3 4 5 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Fabric 1 2 3 4 5 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Durability 1 2 3 4 5 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ How pleasing is it to others 1 2 3 4 5 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Shopping environment 1 2 3 4 5 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Comfort 1 2 3 4 5 Part II : Attitude towards Primark Have you ever shopped for clothing at Primark? à ¢- ¡ Yes à ¢- ¡ No (If no, then go to question No.9) How often do you shop for clothing at Primark? à ¢- ¡Weekly à ¢- ¡ Monthly à ¢- ¡ Once in two months à ¢- ¡ Once in three months à ¢- ¡ Once in six months What do you shop for in Primark? à ¢- ¡ Mens wear à ¢- ¡Womens wear à ¢- ¡Childrens wear à ¢- ¡Home wares Kindly identify the importance you associate with the following attributes when you shop for Primarks clothing. Least important Æ’Â  Very important à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Brand image 1 2 3 4 5 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Quality of clothing 1 2 3 4 5 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Price 1 2 3 4 5 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Style 1 2 3 4 5 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Comfort 1 2 3 4 5 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Fabric 1 2 3 4 5 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Durability 1 2 3 4 5 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ How pleasing is it to others 1 2 3 4 5 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Shopping environment 1 2 3 4 5 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Comfort 1 2 3 4 5 Kindly identify your satisfaction level with each of the follow clothing outlets. Very Dissatisfied-Æ’Â  Very Satisfied à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ MS 1 2 3 4 5 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ GAP 1 2 3 4 5 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ ZARA 1 2 3 4 5 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ TK Maxx 1 2 3 4 5 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ HM 1 2 3 4 5 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ NEXT 1 2 3 4 5 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Topshop / Topman 1 2 3 4 5 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Bhs 1 2 3 4 5 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ River Island 1 2 3 4 5 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Primark 1 2 3 4 5 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ New Look 1 2 3 4 5 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Matalan 1 2 3 4 5 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Peacock 1 2 3 4 5 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Other (Please specify) 1 2 3 4 5 Would you like to make some suggestions that would help Primark to improve its clothing quality? - Part III: Personal Information 1. Gender à ¢- ¡ Male à ¢- ¡ Female 2. Age à ¢- ¡ Under 20 à ¢- ¡ 21-29 à ¢- ¡ 30-39 à ¢- ¡ 40+ 3. Education à ¢- ¡ Primary School à ¢- ¡ Secondary School à ¢- ¡ College à ¢- ¡ University à ¢- ¡ Post Graduate à ¢- ¡ Other 4. Occupation à ¢- ¡ Student à ¢- ¡ Service à ¢- ¡ Business à ¢- ¡ Other Professions 5. Annual Income à ¢- ¡ Under  ¿Ã‚ ¡20, 000 à ¢- ¡  ¿Ã‚ ¡20,000  ¿Ã‚ ¡29, 999 à ¢- ¡  ¿Ã‚ ¡30,000  ¿Ã‚ ¡39,999 à ¢- ¡  ¿Ã‚ ¡40,000+ 6. Marital Status à ¢- ¡ Single à ¢- ¡ Married / Cohabitant Thank you for sharing your precious time!